RAC 启动报错ORA-01078 ORA-01565 ORA-17503 ORA-15077

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 27 09:38:54 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-01565: error in identifying file '+DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora'
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora
ORA-15077: could not locate ASM instance serving a required diskgroup

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE UNKNOWN rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE UNKNOWN rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE UNKNOWN rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE UNKNOWN rac1
ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE UNKNOWN rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE UNKNOWN rac2
ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE UNKNOWN rac2
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE UNKNOWN rac2
ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.racdb.db application ONLINE UNKNOWN rac2
ora....b1.inst application ONLINE OFFLINE
ora....b2.inst application ONLINE OFFLINE

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 27 09:48:53 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 92274688 bytes
Fixed Size 1217884 bytes
Variable Size 65890980 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ORA-15000: command disallowed by current instance type

SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME STATE
------------------------------ -----------
DATA DISMOUNTED

SQL> alter diskgroup data mount;

Diskgroup altered.

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=racdb1
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 27 09:51:28 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 536870912 bytes
Fixed Size 1220432 bytes
Variable Size 163578032 bytes
Database Buffers 369098752 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

此例就是因为ASM实例没有启动而直接启动DBMS实例导致的问题。